Diel and seasonal activity pattern of alien sika deer with sympatric mammalian species from Muljangori-oreum wetland of Hallasan National Park, South Korea

Abstract Background Sika deer, Cervus nippon , were originally introduced to South Korea from Japan and Taiwan for commercial farming purposes. Unfortunately, they released into the wild during religious events have since begun impact native ecosystem species endemic Korea. The study of activity patterns can improve our understanding environmental non-native their association with sympatric species. Using camera traps, we studied diel seasonal sika deer quantified temporal overlap mammalian in Muljangori-oreum wetlands Hallasan National Park, Results A total 970 trap recorded five nine locations camera-trap survey. Siberian roe ( Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus ) had highest number (72.0%), followed by (16.2%), boar Sus scrofa (5.0%), Asian badger Meles leucurus (4.5%), Jeju weasel Mustela sibirica quelpartis (2.0%). bimodal throughout year, peaks spring-autumn twilight, day night time winter. Relating daily other species, expressed degree (∆ 4 = 0.80) while demonstrated lowest 0.37). Conclusions Our data show that are a crepuscular variations patterns. Additionally, identified differences between different mammals found higher twilight hours.